Multi-paradigm modelling for cyber–physical systems: a descriptive framework

Abstract The complexity of cyber–physical systems ( CPSs ) is commonly addressed through complex workflows , involving models in a plethora different formalisms each with their own methods, techniques, and tools. Some workflow patterns combined particular types operations on these formalisms, are used successfully engineering practice. To identify reuse them, we refer to combinations formalism as modelling paradigms . This paper proposes unifying (Descriptive) Framework describe paradigms, well combinations. work set the context Multi-Paradigm Modelling MPM), which based principle model every part aspect system explicitly, at most appropriate level(s) abstraction, using formalism(s) workflows. purpose Descriptive presented this serve basis reason about workflows, One crucial framework ability capture structural essence paradigm concept paradigmatic structure illustrated informally by means two example CPS: Discrete Event Dynamic Systems Synchronous Data Flow. also identifies need establish whether candidate follows, or qualifies as, (given) paradigm. illustrate support combining shows examples both intended for characterisation classification starting point rigorous formalisation (allowing formal analyses), foundation MPM tool development.